Ukuhlelwa kweemaski zonyango |KENJOY

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemaski zonyango.Sinokuzahlula zibe ngamacandelo amathathu.Zeziphi ezi ndidi zintathu?Ngoku keIhoseyile yobuso bemaski yonyangoisixelela oku kulandelayo.

EzonyangoIimaski zeFFP2ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngelaphu elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwelaphu elingalukwanga.Iinkqubo eziphambili zemveliso ziquka i-melt-blown, i-spunbond, umoya oshushu okanye i-needling.Iyakwazi ukumelana nolwelo, ukuhluza i-particle kunye ne-bacteria.Yimpahla yokhuselo lwezonyango.

Iimaski zonyango zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimaski zokhuselo lwezonyango, iimaski zotyando kunye neemaski eziqhelekileyo zonyango ngokweempawu zabo zokusebenza kunye nomda wokusebenzisa.

Imaski yokhuselo lwezonyango

Imodeli esetyenziswayo ihambelana nesixhobo sokukhusela esizikhuselayo esizikhuselayo, esilungele ukukhuselwa kwabasebenzi bezonyango kunye nabasebenzi abanxulumeneyo, kwaye inomgangatho ophezulu wokukhusela, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi izigulane ezivezwe kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula. izifo ezidluliselwa ngomoya okanye kufuphi namathontsi kwinkqubo yokuxilongwa kunye nonyango.Iyakwazi ukuhluza amasuntswana asemoyeni kwaye ivale amathontsi, igazi, ulwelo lomzimba, ulwelo, njl njl. Yimveliso elahlayo.Iimaski zonyango zivimba iibhaktheriya ezininzi, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane, kwaye i-WHO icebisa ukuba abasebenzi bezempilo basebenzise iimaski ezichasene ne-particulate ukukhusela usulelo lwentsholongwane emoyeni esibhedlele.

Ngokweemfuno zobugcisa ze-GB19083-2003, izalathisi eziphambili zobuchwephesha zeemaski zokhuselo lwezonyango kukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kunye nokuchasana nokuhamba komoya kunye okanye ngaphandle kwamasuntswana oyile.

Iimpawu ezithile zezi zilandelayo:

I-1) Ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlunga: xa izinga lokuhamba komoya li (85 ± 2) L / min, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca akukho ngaphantsi kwe-95%, oko kukuthi, ububanzi be-aerodynamic median ye-N95 (okanye i-FFP2) nangaphezulu (0.24± 0.06) μm(0.24±0.06).Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Airborne kunokuthintelwa ngama-agent asulelayo angama-5μm ububanzi okanye ngokuqhagamshelana ngokusondeleyo kunye nee-agent ezosulelayo ezisasazwa nge-droplet.

I-2) Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-Suction: phantsi kweemeko ezihamba phambili ezingentla, ukuxhathisa kwe-suction akuyi kudlula i-343.2Pa (35mmH2O).

3) Akufuneki kubekho iimpawu zobugcisa ezifana nokungena ngaphakathi kwe-mask phantsi kwe-10.9Kpa (80mmHg) yoxinzelelo.

4) Imaski kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngekliphu yempumlo, eyenziwe ngezinto zeplastiki, ubude> 8.5 cm.

I-5) igazi lokwenziwa kufuneka litshizwe kwi-10.7kPa (80mmHg) kwisampuli yemaski.Akufunekanga kubekho ukungena ngaphakathi kwesigqubuthelo.

imaski yotyando

Imaski yokusebenza kwezonyango isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukhuseleko olusisiseko lwabasebenzi bezonyango okanye abasebenzi abanxulumeneyo, kunye namanyathelo okukhusela okuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi, ulwelo lomzimba, ukutshiza njalo njalo, kunye nesiphumo esithile sokukhusela.Ikakhulu inxitywa kwindawo ecocekileyo engaphantsi kwenqanaba le-100,000, isebenza kwigumbi lokusebenza, izigulane zabongikazi ezine-immunity ephantsi, ukwenza i-cavity puncture kunye neminye imisebenzi.Iimaski zonyango zinokuthintela uninzi lweebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ukunqanda usulelo lwabasebenzi bezonyango, kwaye zithintele iintsholongwane ezithwalwa ngumphefumlo wabasebenzi bezonyango ukuba zikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle komzimba, zibeka isoyikiso kwisigulana.Iimaski zotyando kufuneka zibe ngaphezulu kwe-95 yeepesenti ezisebenzayo ekuhluzeni iintsholongwane.Iimaski zotyando ezilahliweyo kufuneka zinikezelwe kwizigulana ezinezifo zokuphefumla ezikrokrelekayo ukuthintela izoyikiso zosulelo kwabanye abasebenzi basesibhedlele kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo olunqamlezayo, kodwa umphumo awulunganga njengemaski zokhuselo lwezonyango.

Iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zobugcisa ziquka ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca, ukucocwa kwebhaktheriya kunye nokuchasana nokuphefumula.

Iimpawu ezithile zezi zilandelayo:

1) Ukusebenza kakuhle kohluzo: I-aerodynamic median idayamitha (0.24±0.06)μm yesodium chloride aerosol ukusebenza kakuhle akukho ngaphantsi kwe-30% kwisantya sokuhamba komoya (30±2)L/min.

I-2) Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-bacterial filtrate: ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kwe-Staphylococcus aureus kunye nobukhulu be-particle (3±0.3) micron akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-95%, izinga lokuhluza ibhaktheriya ≥95%, kunye nesantya sokuhluza amasuntswana angenawo ioli ≥30 %.

I-3) Ukuchasana nokuphefumula: phantsi kweemeko zokuhamba kakuhle kokucoca, ukuchasana kokuphefumula akuyi kudlula i-49Pa, kwaye ukuchasana nokuphelelwa yisikhathi akuyi kudlula i-29.4Pa.Xa umahluko woxinzelelo △P phakathi kwamacala amabini emaski yi-49Pa/cm, umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwerhasi kufuneka ube ≥264mm/s.

4) Ikliphu yempumlo kunye nentambo yemaski: Imaski kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngekliphu yempumlo eyenziwe ngezinto zeplastiki, ubude bekliphu yempumlo kufuneka bube bukhulu kune-8.0cm.Ibhanti yemaski kufuneka kube lula ukunxiba kunye nokususa, kwaye amandla okuqhawuka kwebhanti yemaski nganye kufuneka abe mkhulu kune-10N kwindawo yoqhagamshelo lomzimba wemaski.

I-5) ukungena kwegazi lokwenziwa: emva kokuba i-2ml yegazi lokwenziwa litshizwe kwicala langaphandle lemaski kwi-16.0kPa (120mmHg), akufanele kubekho ukungena kwicala langaphakathi lemaski.

I-6) Ukusebenza kwe-flame retardant: Sebenzisa izinto ezingenakutsha kwimaski, kwaye utshise ngaphantsi kwe-5 emva kokuba imaski ishiya ilangatye.

7) Intsalela ye-ethylene oxide: intsalela ye-ethylene oxide yeemaski ezihlambulukileyo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-10μg / g.

I-8) Ukucaphuka kwesikhumba: isalathiso esiphambili sokucaphuka sezinto zemaski kufuneka sibe ngaphantsi okanye silingane ne-0.4, kwaye akufuneki kubekho ukusabela kokuvuselela.

9) Isalathisi seMicrobial: inani elipheleleyo lamakholoni ebhaktheriya ≤20CFU / g, ibhaktheriya ye-coliform, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-hemolytic streptococcus kunye ne-fungi ayiyi kufunyanwa.

Imaski yonyango eqhelekileyo

Iimaski zonyango ngokubanzi ziyilelwe ukuvala ukuchitheka okuphuma empumlweni nasemlonyeni kwaye zinokusetyenziswa-kanye kusetyenziso lwezonyango ngokubanzi kunye nelona nqanaba lisezantsi lokhuseleko.Kwimisebenzi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokubanzi, njengokucoca ucoceko, ukulungiswa kwamanzi, iiyunithi zokucoca iibhedi, ukuhlukaniswa okanye ukukhuselwa kweengqungquthela ngaphandle kweebhaktheriya ze-pathogenic, ezifana ne-pollen, njl.

NgokweMigangatho ebhalisiweyo yemveliso ebhalisiweyo (YZB), ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca amasuntswana kunye neebhaktheriya akufuneki ngokubanzi, okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca amasuntswana kunye neebhaktheriya kusezantsi kuneemaski zotyando kunye neemaski zokhuselo lwezonyango.I-aerosol ye-0.3-micron-diameter inokufikelela kuphela i-20.0% -25.0% isiphumo sokukhusela, esingenako ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca amaqhekeza kunye neebhaktheriya.Ayinakukwazi ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo i-pathogen ekuhlaselweni kwendlela yokuphefumla, ayinakusetyenziswa kwintsebenzo ebuhlungu yeklinikhi, ayinakudlala indima yokukhusela kumasuntswana kunye neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, inokudlala kuphela indima yesithintelo somatshini kumasuntswana othuli okanye i-aerosols.

Izihlandlo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo

Iimaski zokhuselo lwezonyango:

Imodeli esetyenziswayo ifanelekile ukukhuselwa komsebenzi wabasebenzi bezonyango ngokuqhagamshelana nezigulane ezinomoya okanye izifo ezidluliselwa ngamaconsi.Kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba kutshintshwe kwiiyure ezi-4 kwiindawo zokuhlala zodwa, kwiiyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu, kwiikliniki zomkhuhlane kunye nezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo.

Iimaski zotyando:

Kufanelekile ukunxitywa ngabasebenzi bezonyango kwiiklinikhi zonyango, iilebhu, amagumbi okusebenza kunye nezinye iindawo ezihlaselayo okanye ezifunayo ukukhusela igazi, i-spatter ye-fluid yomzimba kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-foam, kunye nokuthintela ubhubhane lwegazi luyafuneka kumphezulu walo wangaphandle.Yiya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ungachukumisi izigulana, kufuneka unxibe imaski yotyando;

Iimaski zonyango ezilahlwayo:

Isetyenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokubanzi kubantu abanomngcipheko ophantsi kwaye unomgangatho ophantsi wokukhusela.Inqunyelwe ekudlaleni isithintelo esithile somatshini kuthuli okanye i-aerosol kwaye inxitywa kwimeko yokuxinana kwabantu abancinci.

Oku ngasentla sisingeniso esifutshane seemaski zonyango.Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neemaski zonyango, nceda uqhagamshelane nathiabavelisi bemaski yobuso bezonyangoukukunika iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe